12/30/2023 0 Comments Superstring pro 2 reviewsClinical trials, as well as data from ∼50%–70% of vaccinated individuals in Europe and EEUU, show that the highest protection corresponds to the Pfizer (93%) and Moderna (90%) vaccines the duration of this protection still requires evaluation. Several effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, are currently available, such as the Pfizer, Moderna, Oxford Vaccine Group/AstraZeneca, Janssen, BIOCAD, and CanSino Biologics vaccines. To end this epidemic, different types of vaccines are being developed in an accelerated manner 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.Īlthough new cutting-edge technologies are being used in the production of vaccines, such as the development of mRNA vaccines 7, 8, which speeds up the manufacturing process and reduces the cost of fabrication, they do not take into account the mutations that arise as the pandemic progresses. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic represents the greatest global threat to human health at the current juncture, with more than 281 million people infected and more than 5.4 million mortalities worldwide since the disease was detected two years ago 1. We conclude that it is a valid method to decipher the best epitopes of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to prepare peptide-based vaccines for different vector platforms, including DC vaccines. We successfully developed a vaccine candidate technique involving optimizing lambda-superstrings and provided proof of concept in human subjects. The positive control was the current receptor binding domain epitope of COVID-19 RNA-vaccines. Finally, we performed a proof of concept experiment in humans that included the following groups: asymptomatic non-active COVID-19 patients, vaccinated volunteers, and control donors that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. This DC vaccine vector loaded with the NTD peptide of the Spike protein elicited a predominant Th1-Th17 cytokine profile, indicative of an effective anti-viral response. Our results indicated that the CoVPSA peptide of the Spike protein elicits noticeable immunogenicity in vivo using a DC vaccine vector and remarkable cellular and humoral immune responses. Next, we tested the immunogenicity, the type of immune response elicited, and the cytokine profile induced by the vaccine, using a non-related bacterial peptide as negative control. We synthesized a peptide of 22 amino acids in length, corresponding to one of the candidate vaccines, and prepared a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine vector loaded with the 22 amino acids SARS-CoV-2 peptide (positions 50-71) contained in the NTD domain (DC-CoVPSA) of the Spike protein. We tested the monopeptide vaccine, thus establishing a proof of concept for the validity of the technique. In this article we computationally designed two candidate vaccines, one monopeptide and one multipeptide, using a technique involving optimizing lambda-superstrings, which was introduced and developed by our research group. It is therefore prudent to continue designing and testing vaccines against this pathogen. Despite the undoubted advances in the development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, uncertainty remains about their future efficacy and the duration of the immunity induced. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest threat to global health at the present time, and considerable public and private effort is being devoted to fighting this recently emerged disease.
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